Another factor is flow temperature. Many boilers are set conservatively for efficiency, which works well in mild weather but leaves less headroom during cold snaps. This doesn’t mean the boiler is faulty, only that the system is now being pushed closer to its limits.
This behaviour is different from boilers that shut down or stop prematurely, which is covered in boiler turning off before the house warms up. In cold snaps, the boiler usually stays on — it just can’t overcome the increased losses.
Cold weather also exposes distribution weaknesses. Radiators that were borderline before may now feel underpowered, and heat may pool in some areas while others stay cold. If the system seems to lose momentum once demand rises, boiler fires then switches off can help distinguish output limits from control issues.
When problems only appear during cold snaps, it’s often useful to start broad and work inward. The diagnostic page helps identify whether the issue is demand, distribution, or heat loss: House Cold Diagnostic.
For a wider view of why UK homes struggle more in cold weather and how to compensate without overspending, the complete guide explains it clearly: How to Keep a UK Home Warm for Cheap.